IntroductionSpray concrete, also known as shotcrete, is a versatile and efficient method of applying concrete that is widely used in construction and engineering. Its ability to adhere to complex surfaces and structures makes it ideal for a variety of applications, from tunnel linings to slope stabi

In the world of concrete construction, choosing the right reinforcement method is critical to the success of any project. Two popular options on the market are traditional reinforcement methods, such as steel rebar and wire mesh, and innovative solutions like polypropylene fibres. This article will

Concrete is a fundamental building material in the construction industry. However, its brittleness and susceptibility to cracking have long been challenges for engineers and builders. To address these issues, innovative solutions such as polypropylene (PP) hybrid macro synthetic fibers have emerged